To alleviate this danger, Capablanca and Fischer both proposed chess variants to revitalize the game, while Lasker suggested changing how draws and stalemate are scored. Some players, including world champions such as José Raúl Capablanca, Emanuel Lasker, and Bobby Fischer, have expressed fears of a "draw death" as chess becomes more deeply analyzed. Chess is not a solved game, however, and it is considered unlikely that the game will be solved in the foreseeable future. A few notable players have argued, however, that White's advantage may be sufficient to force a win: Weaver Adams and Vsevolod Rauzer claimed that White is winning after the first move 1.e4, while Hans Berliner argued that 1.d4 may win for White. Since approximately 1889, when World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz addressed this issue, the consensus has been that a perfectly played game would end in a draw ( futile game). White's winning percentage is about the same for tournament games between humans and games between computers however, White's advantage is less significant in blitz games and games between novices.Ĭhess players and theoreticians have long debated whether, given perfect play by both sides, the game should end in a win for White or a draw. Since 1851, compiled statistics support this view White consistently wins slightly more often than Black, usually scoring between 52 and 56 percent. In chess, there is a general consensus among players and theorists that the player who makes the first move ( White) has an inherent advantage.
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Wilhelm Steinitz, who in 1889 claimed chess is a draw with best play